cd]l/sfdf
kf]On hfg] g]kfnL
>LdtLx¿

>Ldfg;Fu
cd]l/sf k'u]/ klg JolQmTj ljsf; ug{] cj;/ gkfPsf / 3/–sf]7fleq}
v'lDrg afWo g]kfnL >LdtLx¿ JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] pkef]u ub{}
kf]On hfg] qmd a9]sf] 5

b'uf{ kf]v/]n

cfˆgf] nf]Ug],
5f]/f5f]/L afx]s cyf]{s s]xL gegL 3/ yfd]/, 3/fo;L sfds'/fd}
/dfP/, >LdfgnfO{ k9\g], pRr kbjfnf hflu/ vfg] jf
h]–h;f] ug{ dg nfU5 ug]{ :jtGqtf lbP/ a;]sL Pshgf dlxnf xfn}
cd]l/sfdf kf]On uOg\ /] eGg] ;'g]/ d]/f] 6fpsf] /Gylgof] .
af/Daf/ ;f]r]F, ltgnfO{ s] gk'u]/ uPsL xf]lng\ Û To:tf]
dfof ug]{, To:tf] k9]sf], To:tf] pRr kbdf k'u]sf], To:tf] k};f
sdfpg] nf]Ug], To:tf nfossf 5f]/f5f]/L Û

3f]lTnFb} hfFbf
dnfO{ Pp6f csf]{ 36gfsf] ;D‰gf cfof] h;df d;Fu} lqljaf6
Pd\=P= u/L oxLF lax] eP/ cd]l/sf k9\g uPsL, Pp6L aRrfsL cfdf klg
kf]On uPsL lyOg\ . To;a]nf xfdL b'O{rf/ hgfn] 8]9cSsn]
lgisif{ lgsfn]sf lyof}F, æ>LdtLsf] k9fO a9L eP/ >Ldfg;Fu
hf]8f ldn]g xf]nf Û.Æ t];|f] 36gf c‰ rsf]{ lyof]Ù tL
>LdtL kf]On dfq uOgg\, Hofg dfg]{ pBf]usf] cf/f]kdf cfˆgf
klxnf >LdfgnfO{ h]n xfNg ;d]t ;kmn eOg\ . ;D‰gf];\ t,
Pp6f g]kfnLn] cd]l/sfdf cfˆgL >LdtLnfO{ dfg{ vf]h]sf]
cleof]udf h]n oftgf ef]Ug'kbf{ s:tf] xf]nf, hals >LdtL rflxF
csf]{;Fu kf]On uO;s]sL 5] . clxn] gofF nf]Ug]lt/af6 p;sf
tLgj6f aRrf eO;s]sf xf]nfg\ Û

g]kfn xf];\ jf
cd]l/sf, To:tf >Ldfgx¿sf klg b'Mv–Joyfsf cfˆg} syf
xf]nfg\ h;nfO{ >LdtLx¿n] hf]O{l6ª\u|] agfP/ dfq gk'uL
k"/} …sAhfÚ u/]/ ;dfhdf c¿;Fu eGg klg g;lsg] l:yltdf
k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . :jf:gLs} sf/0fn] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{
kl/jf/ 6fl9Psf] xf]nf . slxn]sfxLF nfUbf] xf], of] Pp6L
cfOdfO{sf nflu=== clg cfkm}FnfO{ lwSsfbf{ x'g\ . t/ km]l/
k'?ifTj hfUbf]

xf], clg dnfO{ gfdb{ eGnfg\ eGg] 8/n] cfˆgf] Joyf cfkm}Fdf
n'sfP/ dl/r ‰}F rfpl/Fbf xf]nfg\ .

>Ldfgx¿ h]
7fg'g\, eg'g\, lk/f]lnpg\ . ;s] cfˆgf ;d:ofaf6 pGd'lQm
kfpg\, g;s] gkfpg\, Tof] pgLx¿s} ;d:of xf] . oxfFrflxF d
cfkm" klg dlxnf ePsLn] cd]l/sf k'u]/ kf]On uPsf g]kfnL
dlxnfx¿sf af/]df, vf;u/L ltgsf] dgl:yltnfO{ Wofg lbO{ n]Vg
nfu]sL 5' . o;df s;}nfO{ xf]Rofpg], gª\Uofpg], Joª\Uo
xfGg] d]/f] cfzo 5}g . o;nfO{ c‰ k|:6 kfg{ d s];Dd eG5'
eg], To;/L kf]On hfg] Pp6L >LdtL d klg x'Gy]F xf]nf, olb
pgLx¿s} h:tf] d]/f] l:ylt x'GYof] eg] . h:tf] ls,
cd]l/sfdf kf]On uPsf g]kfnL >LdtLx¿ cfˆgf] syf–Joyf eG5g\
M d g]kfndf ;fdfGo lzIff kfPsL >LdtL, d]/f >Ldfgn] hlgu/L
pgL cd]l/sf k9\g cfpFbf dnfO{ klg NofP . kfFr–;ft jif{
;Dk"0f{ 3/ yfdL pgnfO{ k9\g df}sf lbPF, aRrf x'sf{PF, cln
cln ykyfk cfo a9fpg ef/tLo jf s;}sf aRrf x]g]{ sfd u/]F .
clnskl5 Pp6f /]:6'/fFdf gf]s/L klg kfPF . aRrf klg
7"nf eP t/ cª\u|]hL dfq af]Ng], d;Fu vf;} s'/f
gldNg] . >Ldfg;Fu klg la:tf/} s'/f sd x'g yfNof]] .
d}n] k9\g, tflnd lng s]xL ug{ klg kfOgF . hLjg cwa}+;]
eO;s]5 . d ‰:sG5' . d]/f glhssf kl/jf/ cfkm}FnfO{
k/k/ h:tf] nfUg yfN5 . h]7L 5f]/L clns dfof uyL{ .
Tof] klg sh]n k9\g xf]:6n uO{ . PskN6 p;sf] s'O/] s]6f]
;fyL;Fu xfd|f] 8]/fdf cfPsL lyO{ . d cª\u|]hL /fd|f]
ga'´g], s] s] eGof], 7Dofpg ;lsgF . d]/f] ;dfpg] 8f]/f]
km':sg nfu]h:tf] eof] . ToxL a]nf d}n] sfd ug]{ /]:6'/fFdf
Pp6fn] c;fWo} dfofsf s'/f ul//x]sf] x'G5 . d kUnG5' dfq
xf]Og, dnfO{ >Ldfgb]lv stf stf lrQ b'v]sf] x'G5 . d
pgL;Fu abnf lng Tof];Fu lax] ul/lbG5' tfls dfG5]n] PskN6 s'/f
sf6'g\ . clg xNnf km}nG5, kmnfgfsL >LdtL kf]On uO{ /] Û
l7Ss k5{ pgnfO{ Û

t, o:tf]
kl/l:yltdf kf]On hfg] g]kfnL >LdtLx¿sf] ;ª\Vof lgs} a9]sf]
5 . tLghgfsf] s'/f dfly elg;s]F . rf}yL / kfFrf}F
>LdtLx¿ Pp6} >Ldfgsf lyP, hf] kfn}kfnf] kf]On uP .
lgs} jif{ cd]l/sfdf a;]sf tL Jofkf/Ln] cfˆgf kl/jf/n] 5fg]sL
s]6L g]kfn cfP/ lax] u/L nu]sf lyP . >Ldfg Jofkf/df
Jo:t . gofF 7fpF, >LdtL clns lg:tfOg\ . >Ldfgs}
Jofkf/;Fu ;DalGwt JolQm 3/df cfO/xg] . /dfOnf] ug]{ .
Vofn7§f ug]{ . ksfpg klg hfGg] . lj:tf/} logL
>Ldfgsf ;fyL;Fu nflug\ / cGttf]uTjf kf]On} uOg\ .
>Ldfg\ lrt vfP . pgL leq b'MvL t eP t/ pgsf] k'?ifTj
hfu]/ cfof] M o;n] dnfO{ wf]sf lbO{ d csL{ lax] u5'{ . clg
km]l/ g]kfn cfP/ PskN6 lax] ul/;s]sL, Pp6f aRrfsL cfdf, nf]Ug]
5f]8]sL, b'Mv kfPsL s]6LnfO{ lax] u/L nu] . t/ cfkm"
Jofkf/L, sfdn] otfplt lxF8\g], rf/ dlxgf gk'Ub} tL >LdtL klg
csf]{;Fu kf]On uOg\ . oL >Ldfgn] To;kl5 ljjfxsf] ljrf/
Tofu] . 5}6f}F >LdtLsf >Ldfg klg /]:6'/fFsf] Joj;fo
g} ub{y] . logL h:tf c;n d[b'efifL g]kfnL >Ldfg
cd]l/sfdf c¿ 5g\ 5}gg\ eGg ;lsFb}g . t/ >LdtLnfO{ s]
gk'u]sf] xf], cfkm"n] sfd u/]s} 7fpFsf] dfG5];Fu kf]On
uOg\ . o; 36gfkl5 cd]l/sfdf logLx¿nfO{ lrGg] g]kfnL ;a}n]
>LdtL g} pQfpnL x'g\, o:tf c;n >LdfgnfO{ 5f8\g], eg]sf
lyP . csf{ c;fWo} c;n >LdfgnfO{ Tofu]/ kf]On hfg] ;ftf}F
>LdtLsf af/]df klg hfGg]x¿sf p:t} ts{ lyP M of] cfOdfO{ s:tL
pQfpnL, To:tf] ;f]‰f], c;n nf]Ug]nfO{ 5f8L s] kfpg] ;'/df
csf]{;Fu kf]On uPsL xf] Û ;D‰Fb} hfFbf cf7f}F, gjf}F, bzf}F /
P3f/f}F;Dd kf]On uPsf >LdtLx¿af/] d}n] yfxf kfPsL
/x]5' .

c¿ rf/ kfFrj6L
>LdtLx¿sf] klg >Ldfg;Fu lgs} v6k6 k/]sf] lyof] . t/
pgLx¿ kf]On rflxF uPgg\ . b'O{j6L >LdtL rflxF nf]Ug]n]
;tfOPsf >LdtLx¿ /fVg] cd]l/sL lzlj/df z/0f lng ;d]t k'u]sf
lyP . g]kfnL nf]Ug]dfG5]nfO{ o:tf s'/fn] dgdf lr;f] k:bf]
xf]nf . g]kfndf slt /fd|f];Fu, slt OHhtbf/ kl/jf/sL s]6L;Fu
laxf x'G5 . s'g} t'if x'Fb}g, ;a} /fd|f] x'G5 .
>Ldfgx¿nfO{ nfUbf] xf]nf, cd]l/sfdf uP/ of] s] cgy{ ePsf]
xf] < d]/f] b[li6df, o:tf 36gfsf k5fl8 s]xL 7f]; sf/0f
5g\ . klxnf] s'/f t, hlt g} wgL, OHhtbf/ / k9]n]v]sf hf]8L
ldnfP/ kl/jf/n] lax] u/fPsf] eP klg g]kfnL ;dfhdf nf]Ug]s}
x's"dt rN5 . To;df klg nf]Ug] rflxFsf sf/0faf6
>LdtL cd]l/sf k'u]kl5 nf]Ug]n] 6f]s;L/xG5, æa'l‰;\, d}n]
ubf{ tF cd]l/sf cfpg kfO;\ .Æ >LdtLn] rflxF aRrf /
nf]Ug]sf] rfs/L ubf{ ubf{ u¥of], cflv/df ;a} 6f9f6f9f, vfln
cfnf]rgf dfq . cfkm"n] ToxL KofG6 nfpg' / nfnL kfp8/
3:g hfGg' afx]s s]xL ug{ kfPsL 5}g . k9\g t stf xf]
stf Û aNnaNn sfd ug{ yfn]sf] klg ls ef/tLo, ls kfls:tfgL
jf afªnfb]zLsxfF 5 . clg pm lg/fz aGg k'U5] . bf];|f]
s'/f, cd]l/sf eg]sf] JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] k/fsfi7f ePsf] 7fpF
xf] . dlxnf / s]6fs]6L eg]kl5 sfg"g pgLx¿s} kIfdf
5 . g]kfnaf6 cd]l/sf k'u]sL >LdtLnfO{ ToxfFsf] ;fdflhs /
j}olQms :jtGqtfn] la:tf/} cfFvf vf]lnlbG5 / p;n] a'´5]– ca
nf]Ug]sf] tf8gf ;x]/ a:g'kg]{ afWotf /x]g5 . t];|f] s'/f,
nf]Ug] cfˆgf] k9fO ;s]kl5 ls g]kfn kms{g] ;'/;f/df x'G5 ls t cfˆgf]
k]zfut hflu/lt/ Jo:t . >LdtLnfO{ k9\g]–l;Sg] s]xL /x/
lyof] ls, p;nfO{ s'g} dtna x'Fb}g . d}n] b'O6f >Ldfg
o:tf klg e]6]sL lyPF hf] >LdtL;Fu ;8sdf lxF8\bf cfkm"
cl3cl3 rfF8f] rfF8f] lxF8\y] . >LdtLx¿ kl5kl5 :jfF–:jfF
u/]/ s'b\g'kg]{ . o;/L >Ldfgn] cfˆgf] ;'ljwf afx]s
c¿yf]s g;f]Rg] ubf{ >LdtLnfO{ lvGg nfUg' :jfefljs}
xf] . cfkm"n] ug{ kfPsf] s]xL 5}g . g]kfnd} x'g]
cfˆgf ;fyL;FuLn] a? kl/jf/} x'sf{P/ klg s]xL g s]xL sfd u/]sf
5g\ . hflu/ vfg]x¿ 7"n} cf]xf]bfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .
Jofkf/ ug]{x¿ wgL ePsf 5g\ . x]Ny Sna / hLd ;+:s[ltdf
/dfPsf 5g\ . uf8L, df]6/;fOsn rnfP/ lxF8\g] eO;s] .
cfkm" rflxF cfˆgf nf]Ug]sf] kf}/vdf dVv kg'{ /
5f]/f5f]/Ln] g]kfnL la;]{, s:tf] /fd|f] cª\u|]hL af]N5g\ h:tf
avfg ug'{ afx]s ;fyLefOnfO{ afF8\g ;lsg] c¿ cg'ej s]xL
5}g . o:tf] l:yltdf Pp6L cwj}+;] g]kfnL >LdtLn] kf]On
hfg] ljsNk ;f]Rg' slt c:jfefljs eof] / Û

To;f] t, kf]On
hfg g;Sg] cj:yfsL Pp6L >LdtL;Fu klg d]/f] cd]l/sfdf e]6 ePsf]
lyof] . pgn] cfˆgf >Ldfgsf cg'xf/df k'n'Ss x]b}{ eg]sL
lyOg\, æxf]Og xh'/, oL cd]l/sL /08Lx¿n] s] clwsf/ kfP5g\
eg]sf] t nf]Ug] 5f]8\g], kf]On hfg] clwsf/ kf] kfPsf
/x]5g\ . l5M, xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ rflxPsf] 5}g o:tf]
clwsf/ .Æ d]/f] cg'xf/ x]b}{ >Ldfgn] hjfkm lbPsf lyP,
ætF gk9]sL eP klg s'/f] a'l‰5;\ .Æ d}n] s]xL klg
k|ltlqmof hgfOgF . dnfO{ nfUof], tL >LdtLnfO{ slt
c;'/lIft dx;"; ePsf] xf]nf . pgsf nflu Tof] nf]Ug]nfO{
kmsfOkm'NofO{ x/t/xaf6 ;]jf u/L v';L /fVg] afx]s ljsNk
lyPg . pgL kf]On hfg ;Sg] pd]/ / cj:yfsL lyOgg\ .
To;}n], cd]l/sfsf ;Dk"0f{ cfOdfO{nfO{ ufnL u/L, ltgsf]
bf]if b]vfO{ cfkm" dfq Pp6L To:tL cfOdfO{ 5' hf]
u'0f}u'0fn] el/PsL 5' To;sf/0f nf]Ug] c¿;Fu gnfu"g\ eGg]
k|of; pgsf] lyof] . t/ nf]Ug] c¿;Fu nfu] g} klg s] ug]{
< bf];|L >LdtL NofP g} klg s] ug]{ < ls t cfkm"n]
klg bf];|f] >Ldfg vf]Hg' k¥of], hf] ug{ ;Sg] cfTdljZjf; pgdf
lyPg .

oL ;Dk"0f{
>LdtLx¿sf] syfleq n's]sf] Pp6f /dfOnf] kIf s] 5 eg]
tLgj6LnfO{ 5f]8]/ ;a} d';ndfg;Fu kf]On uPsf 5g\ . tLgj6Ldf
Pp6L s'O/];Fu, bf];|L ljjflxt g]kfnLs} h]7L >LdtLnfO{
lj:yflkt u/]/ kf]On uOg\ eg] t];|L >LdtL dfq} g]kfnL s'df/
s]6f];Fu . d';ndfg;Fu uPsf dWo] klg b'O6L afª\nfb]zL;Fu /
c¿ ;a} kfls:tfgL;Fu kf]On uPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL >LdtLx¿
esfes d';ndfg;Fu kf]On hfg'df s] /x:o 5 < dnfO{ nfU5, d'l:nd
wd{n] rf/j6L >LdtL Ps}k6s lax] ug{ / 5f8\g ;Sg] clwsf/ lbPsf]
x'gfn] tL d';ndfgnfO{ Pp6L yk >LdtL leqofpg slt klg ;Íf]r
ePg . sfg"gn] ax'ljjfx ug{ aGb]h gnufPsfn] d';ndfg
k'?if c¿eGbf cfOdfO{ kmsfpg hfGg] cyjf a9L /l;s 5g\ ls <
dfof ug{ kf] a9L l;kfn' x'g\ ls < cyjf of}gqmL8fdf kf] a]hf]8
x'g\ ls < h] h;f] eP klg pgLx¿;Fu kf]On uPsf g]kfnL
>LdtLx¿ JolQmut ¿kdf v'zL /x]sf eP tL >Ldfgx¿sf] ;/fxgf
g} ug'{knf{ . t/ cd]l/sfdf /x]sf c¿ g]kfnL >Ldfgx¿n]
ca cfˆgL >LdtLsf nflu klg ;f]Rg' kg{] ePsf] 5 . gq >LdtL
kf]On uO{ eg]/ k'k'{/f]df xft nufP/ dfq s]xL x'Fb}g .