| Username |
Post |
| sht_sundarism |
Posted
on 27-Jan-03 09:15 AM
Globalization and its impact: -
The development of capitalistic ideology and its diffusion all over the world is taking place rapidly after the failure of socialistic pattern of development thought in the post soviet. Thus today capitalistic ideology appears to be the most effective and empowered ideology and the entire world is influenced by this concept. So Nepal also cannot remain unaffected. When we consider about the capitalistic concept, we cannot forget, the free economy or Market economy and concept emerging liberalization and privatization to globalization (in culture, language, information and technology, ideology, politics, economy, labor etc.), the multinational corporations and its franchise and competitive economy.
I see some of the pundits also argue in favor of this globalization concept in Nepal. But we have the picture of Nepal from its past. After the penetration of the foreigners (under the hidden way or freely like nowadays), what and where have we improved? In the name of liberalization, privatization and globalization, we get various programs, suggestions, aids and investments but where is the place we see positive results and we can be satisfied? If we think that it is only the failure of the implementation of foreign ideology and program as desired I think there will be a big mistake. But I do not mean to say that we should be totally negative on foreign advice and assistance. I just mean to say while any program is launched the focus point should be grassroots (people) and the result should be positive to those people and the nation. So that such program will be according to national interest and preserve its indigenous production, culture and social relation rather than su!
bstitute and disturb our social and economic system.
I think none of the country will come here for the prosperity of Nepal if their nation doesn’t get considerable profit. For example, I want to give a small example of Indian investment in color lab co. I think it was three years ago or so. It was established in Nepal after thorough analysis of every aspect of its viability. It operated well and was able to produce quality products in cheap price. Definitely it has a good market and was running successfully. Low labor cost and other operating cost in our country may make them more effective. As mass production resulted, the production exceeded than consumption of the Nepalese market. There seemed the probabilities of market in India. So the color lab co. started exporting its products to the Indian markets and was operating successfully. But this company didn’t run forever. After a very small period of establishment, the company was shifted to India as Nepal and Nepalese were getting more profit from it than India!
and the Indians. This shows investment do not come in the country till the investing countries do not see probability of considerable profit for themselves. Why will they invest their capitals when they don’t get comparative benefit? Yes, it happened and we all shouldn’t forget this and learn from this, that who will invest here and why?
Thus the people who argue in favor of globalization concept in Nepal, I also except from them the clear comparative benefit toward Nepal. Accepting those concepts, what are the comparative benefits? Who will get that benefit in what amount? What will be the cost that the nation and people have to bear for this (economic as well as social cost) is to be determined and then analysis and evaluate. I don’t think it is happening systematically. If it is they will able to show the clear picture of favorable impact and coming visual predetermined achievement of program to the people and concern groups. But it is not happening. Thus Nepal getting challenges on her development from external sphere are the influences at the period of policy making and governing state. That is the state is ignoring the indigenous group or society, household industries and their requirements but state focus only on the pressure from the foreign and mega groups in the name of industrialization and !
globalization.
The concept of globalization and multinational corporations exploit the internal labor force. So due to the inability of competition with the foreigners, we Nepalese get only the job of lower level. The foreigners secure the high level jobs. I think for the solution of unemployment also the state should focus for development on small and household industry rather than multination company. Because it is fact we have that the number of job create by same amount investing in one multinational company will be many more in small and house hold industry. So why should not we give emphasis to that small industry rather than multinational company? As the penetration of this multinational company and its product freely in Nepal with out any obstacle not only in our culture, society, social relation and social security is influence but small and household industry is going to collapse and dependent economy is increasing. I think because of unable to control (or say not to control to p!
enetrate in Nepali market) it create the demand of unnecessary and luxuries product which is productivity less investment for this poor nation. Then it cause to, attitude for exploitations from the elites group to poor people is increase. It is also ridicules to say that In the name of competition to give them free in Nepali market. The technical know how and small scale of business cannot free compete with that multinational company in any sense. It is well know in the mass production with new technology and large capital will cost effective, quality production and marketing strategy make them super power. Thus it will be like the competition of cat with tiger.
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| sht_sundarism |
Posted
on 27-Jan-03 09:15 AM
Internal Environments:
There are also the internal development challenges for Nepal. I think they are more important than the external challenges. So rather to be accused and critics the foreign policy, plan, program and ideology we should also analysis the weakness of ours and should face the internal challenges for development of Nepal. Thus what are the challenges? Lets me give to discuss briefly the challenges towards Nepal from its internal environments.
The governance, after the political take place in Nepal in 1990 people highly expect for the good governance balance development activities infrastructure development, quality and professional education, employment generation, basic health service improvement and so on basic needs. I don’t think that people expect more than basic needs like the magic development as the failure leaders are saying. So I think that the challenge to Nepal is develop from the state governance. It is also clear picture of past 12 years of state operation. The power game politics, corruption, inefficient and plan less operation of government, failure to implementation of identified primary project are the major defect for damage and downward movement of nation. Nepal did not get such a right direction for development. For the control of this negative attitude we even unable to systemize control mechanism and made them effective to control over these thing. I think we have the controlling fact!
ors for rule upon inefficient leaders and state driver. Such controlling factors not only clearly stated in the constitution more than the intellectual body, various professionals and peoples can also play significant role for track the nation so that it could run in sound way. But I think it is also failed. Such a combined effect resulted Nepal has to face the current complex conflict. The uncertainty and insecurity are the major challenges in Nepali motherland. Will there be no another ethnic conflict arising from this current crisis? This is another challenge predicted by the sociologists of Nepal. Nepal is small country and having multi ethnic groups. So if such conflict will occurs in this land these will be more complicated for safe landing than current problem. So these things also have to be consider very much while the development aspect is analyzing in the current period.
Let’s talk about the economic challenges of Nepal. Most of Nepali is poor and they have problem for hand to mouth. It is also indicate from the poverty rate of country. The poverty ratio which is 32% in 1977, 42% in1986, 49% in 1991 and more than 50% at present, not to talk of the World Bank estimate of more than 70%! To fight against the poverty neither that people get the state assistance nor do they get the social security. In Nepal there is expense on social security of GDP is nearly0.1% where as in Poland 21% of GDP, USA 50% more and Europe 60% more of GDP. So we can see the state role toward to poor people. Other things that I think the challenge are traditional economic system of Nepal. Where state did not give emphasis and launch program for equity and equality of their people. The some elites groups control most of the means of production. We see the semi feudalistic patter of society in the Nepal. So these things indicate of unequal distribution of means of !
production, the have and have not class and conflict (may it is seen or hidden). It isn’t good sign for development of nation. One kind of nation is likely being irresponsible on his duty towards his people.
And the next challenges in our society exist of the psychological poverty. They were not dedicated to develop their own place rather than to go outside for economic benefit. So the migrating problem is increasing. The people from villages were migrating in the city area and those who live in the city were hurry up to migrate in foreign country. May it is due to the various current political and security condition and else factor play the significant role. I get even the intellectual person, that person who has their quality and respectable life in Nepal, like teachers, technician and others professional were also always talking for finding way to penetrate in the Europe and western country. They were frustrated from the environment of here. What are the factors that create such social problem? To identification those cause and manage good environment to stop these migration trend of intellectual property and hard working youth are the challenge of today. So on by providing t!
he infrastructure and balance development the internal migration also have to control for balance development. Thus to integrate and to tracking them in the development for these human resource are the challenges in current Nepal.
These are I get the political, economic and social challenges.
Today in the existing power structure in Nepali politics none of the party and personality seem capable for lead the nation and took over from the present problem is the first challenge for development of Nepal. But we have to produce and should be optimistic on this matter.
Other things that related sectors for the development are:
1. Agriculture
2. Utilization of available natural resources (water resource, human resource, nature)
3. Industrialization
4. Trade and investment so on.
Definitely there are many sectors, which can be point out for development of Nepal. But this isn’t an important thing. The important things are to be able efficient and effective in any sectors so that could contribute for the nation from their sides. It is reality none of these sectors is contributing satisfactory for national development. I think the development of infrastructure are the basic need for further development but it is sorrow to say in the name of revolution we are destroying that limit available infrastructure. What the development are take place in the country is spontaneous development rather than plan development. So the credibility of this today development will not goes to any special. Because what the development is held is force demand of time and diffuse from the external society. So we can imagine our state operating system.
We know all the sectors can play the significant role in national development but it is also our reality that we have limit resources. Thus to allocation of this resources equally for so call equal development will loss our efficiency. For the optimal utilization and to expect optimal results, major of the resources have to utilize on focused or primary sector so that better result can contribute in national economy. Why not in the agriculture? ** That we also stated in every 5-year plan as primary sector, where most of Nepali depend on that sector too. In economy, the positive effect from the one sector will be multiple effects positively in other sectors. So I would like to request all the related body for focus on plan development in one sector so that major problems of Nepal like poverty, unemployment, conflict are highlighted and able to minimize at desired points. I think we have limit resources but sufficient. But the challenges for Nepal are proper utilization. To r!
emain idle these valuable resources lack of the proper plan and management are cumulative loss of ours. That we cannot back in future is very serious challenge.
Conclusion:
For the targeted sector development let’s contribute all the bodies from their own place. We don’t have more alternative and more time for contribute the nation. We have the crisis of confidence. So the mutual believe and hard working is expected from the nation. The transparence operating and highly moral as well as effective and dare manager is expecting. His dedication inspiration and motivation will guide Nepali for bright future. There are challenges but it is not things like impossible to face and diversify. The dare and efficient leader will tackle nicely these challenges with the help of Nepali citizen. And hope that the future will be not worse that it was.
Thank you.
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| sht_sundarism |
Posted
on 27-Jan-03 09:15 AM
Background and Introduction:
”Development” is a very common term and in average, everybody understands its objective. With time passage the meaning and concept of development is changing. In the past, the term development focused on Economic development but in today’s world this term has elaborated meaning considering the quantitative and qualitative improvements. So, development is not only improving the economic indicators but also uplift of people’s living standards as well as equality, equity, welfare and secure life.
Development, Underdevelopment and Globalization:
According to Gunnar Mydral Development is away from underdevelopment.
Since Nepal is an underdeveloped nation and is in periphery condition, the causes of underdevelopment are to be determined. What is underdevelopment? And why the underdeveloped countries have increased dependency day by day and losing their indigenous production, traditional social security networking, culture and small industries, thus causing unemployment and increased poverty? Why is there no improvement in the conditions of the underdeveloped nations even though the core countries and semi peripheral countries are providing various aids, loan, and development programs?
In this complicated world where the information, technology and communication make easy interactions with each other, we can’t isolate from the economic, ideological, social, cultural and technological globalization. But we can minimize its negative influences so that the external influences on development of Nepal can be managed. Here the challenges are not only from the external environment but they also exist in our internal environment, specially the defects in state governance and inability to proper utilization of the available resources, which includes the abundant natural resources, human resources and others.
Nepal: the development challenges:
It is already said that development challenges for Nepal have two forms:
1. External Environment and
2. Internal Environment
External Environment:
In today’s world due to the development of Information, Technology and communication, the concept of Globalization is successfully spread all over. The attitude of single culture, single language and single world economy is developing all over. This concept has been a very popular point of debate since then. Many people have talked in favor and against it. But here I am focusing on Globalization, the multinational companies and the little bit attitude of core countries that the Nepal has to face her challenges on development. I think these are the major challenges from the external environment for development of Nepal.
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