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| sht_sundarism | Posted
on 28-Jan-03 08:02 AM
n}l•s lje]b — ;'Gb/ >]i7 E-mail : sht_sundarism@yahoo.com n}lËs lje]b cfhsf] ;dfhzf:q / ;fdflhs Jojxf/df clt ;+j]bgzLn ?kdf k|rlnt e}/x]sf] zAb xf] . c+u|]hL zAb Gender cyf{t g]kfnL ?kfGt/ n}lËs e"ldsf / n}lËs ;DaGw cfbLn] a'‰g] Gender sf] cy{ ;fdflhs ;+:s[lts tTjx?n] s'g} lalzi6 ;dfhdf dlxnf / k'?ifaf6 ck]Iff ul/g] e"ldsfnfO{ a'emfpF5 . t;y{ Gender cjwf/0ff k|fs[lts ?kdf ljsfl;t ePsf] ge} ;dfhsf] ;dosf] qmd;+u} ljsf; ePsf]] cjwf/0ff xf] . ;dfhn] dlxnf / k'?ifaf6 km/s km/s e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff dfq ub}{g\ j? ;dfhn] Tolx cg';f/sf] Jojxf/ pgLx?nfO{ ub{5 . To;}n] xfd|f] ;dfh / ;+:s[ltsf] ;~rfngsf] qmddf ul/g] ljleGg s[ofsnfkx? / e"ldsfx? dlxnf / k'?ifn] lgefpg] e"ldsfx? :ki6tfsf ;fy lgwf{l/t x'G5 / ljgf s'g} k|sf/sf] lgb]{zg klg :jrflnt, :jlgb]lz{t clg :jefljs ?kdf sfo{ ljefhg / ;~rfng e}/x]sf] x'G5 . n}lËs lje]b cfhsf] ;dfh ljsf;sf lglDt r'gf}ltsf] ?kf v8f ePsf] 5 . lxhf]sf] ;dfhb]lv cfhsf] cfw'lgs ;dfhdf klg s'g tYo Pp6f jf:tljstfsf] ?kdf ;To e}/x]sf] kfpF5f} eg] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] e"ldsf ;dfhnfO{ cu| lbzf lbg ;Gt'lnt ;dfh ;~rfng ug{ j/fj/Lsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 / /xG5 . t/ klg ;dfhn] dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ ;fdflhs jlu{s/0f ub}{ pgLx?sf] x}l;ot ;do, kl/l:ylt / :yfg;+u} lje]bsf] cj:yf >[hgf ul/lbPsf] 5 . oL n}lËs lje]b xf] . n}lËs lje]bsf] rrf{ ubf{ ;+;f/sf clwsf+z dlxnfx? k'?ifeGbf sd x}l;ot /fVb5 / clwsf+; lt dlxnfx?sf] dlxnf ePsf] gftfn] lkt[;tfTds ;dfhsf] ;+:sf/sf] sf/0f / Jojxf/sf] sf/0f cfˆgf] df}lns xs clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ c;dy{tf >[hgf ul/lbPsf] 5 . oL dlxnfx? bldt ?kdf gfh's lhGbuL ljtfpg jfWo 5g\ . oxfF ;DdsL pgLx? cfˆgf] lglh lhGbuLsf] lg0f{osf] klg :jo+ :jtGq?kdf ug{ kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ . dlxnf sdhf]/sf] pkgfd xf]Og t/ sdhf]/sf] ?kdf b]vfOPsf] 5, dlxnfsf] e"ldsf k'?ifsf]eGbf sd dxTjk"0f{ s'g} klg b[li6sf]0fdf 5}g\ t/ cjd"Nog ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx?sf w]/} df}lns xs clwsf/x? -h:tf] lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/, ;dfgtf, /fli6«otf ;DalGwt, of}g zf]if0f / b"/Jojxf/ lj?4, /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs, dft[Tj ;DalGw cfbL clwsf/x?_ sf] lgd{dtf k"j{s zf]if0f, bdg / lje]b ;dfh / /fHoaf6 clxn] klg hf/L 5 . of] s'g} klg cfbz{ dfgljo ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] lglDt cf}lrTok"0f{ x'g ;Sb}gg\ / z'e ;+s]t xf]Og . of] ;dfhsf] kIfkftk"0f{ Jojxf/ cGofok"0f{ 5 . ;Eo ;dfhsf] lglDt cg}lts s'/f xf] . ;du|tfdf o;n] dlxnfju{sf] dfq ljsf;sf] jfws e} pkl:yt 5}g, j? ;du| /fi6« / cfbz{ dfgjLo ;dfhsf] ljsf;df jfws e} pkl:yt 5 . t/ klg o:tf] lje]bsf] l:yltnfO{ xfd|f] ;dfhn] hfg]/ jf ghfg]/ l:js[t u/]sf] 5 . cem klg hxfF txL o:tf] Jojxf/ ;lhn} b]Vg kfpF5f}+ h'g Hofb} b'Mvb kIf xf] . n}lËs lje]b ljZjJofkL ;d:of xf] t/ s'g} ;dfhdf o:tf] lje]b sd b]lvG5 eg] s'g} ;dfhdf cToflws 5 / xfdL n}lËs lje]b / ljsf; -h;df u'0ffTds / kl/0ffTds_ ljr clws ;x ;DaGw ePsf] kfp5f}+ . hlt hlt sd lje]bsf] cj:yf cfpF5 Tolt Tolt dfgljo ljsf; / /fi6« ljsf;sf] cj:yf ;'wf/ ePsf] b]Vb5f} . h'g s'/f] ljleGg Indicators x?af6 klg k|i6 e}/x]sf] 5 . Gender Sensitive Development Index (GDI) / Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) h'g UNDP åf/f ljs;Lt Measurement Tools / lt ;dfhx?sf] t'ngfTds cWo0faf6 klg w]/} xb;Dd k|i6 / k|dfl0ft x'G5 . t;y{ ;dtfd"ns ;dfh, GofoLs ;dfh, cfbz{ / ljsl;t ;dfhsf] hj xfdLn] sNkgf ub{5f}, To;sf lglDt klg o:tf] e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/sf] cGt / n}lËs ;dfgtf ckl/xfo{ / cfwf/lznfsf] ?kdf cufl8 cfpF5 . o;} sf/0f ljZjJofkL ?kdf of] cfjfhn] dxTj / ltj|tf kfPsf] 5 . sdhf]/ / bldt cj:yfdf /x]sf] dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{ dlxnfx?sf] dfq ;'wf/sf] k|of; ck'/f] 5 t;y{ k'?ifsf] klg ;sf/fTds e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff ul/G5 . t;y{ k'?if / dlxnfsf] ;xsfo{, ;xof]u / ;xcl:tTjsf] nflu b'j}sf] e"ldsfnfO{ dxTj lbGb} sdhf]/ czQm ju{nfO{ ;zlQms/0fsf] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ug{ Gender and Development (GAD) sf] cjwf/0ff cfh ljsl;t ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf n}lËs lje]b Pp6f h6Ln ;d:ofsf] ?kdf pkl:yt 5 . h'g g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ljsf; / ;d[4Lsf lglDt r'gf}ltsf] ?kdf pkl:yt 5 . g]kfn Pp6f ul/j / cljsl;t /fi6« hxfF lkt[;Qfds ;dfh 5 To:tf] l:yltdf /x]sf] dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf / x}l;ot jf:tjdf bolgo 5 . of] /fli6«o / cGt/fli6«o ?kdf lrGtfsf] ljifo e}/x]sf] kfp5f}+ . u|fdL0f dlxnfsf] cj:yf cem a9L b'Mvb / sf?0fLs 5 . n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] WjgLsf] >[lt ug{ jf:tjdf w]/} dlxnfx? aGrLt /x]sf] cj:yfaf6 dfly p7fpFb} n}lËs ;dfgtf tkm{ pGd'v x'g' kg]{ cfhsf] xfd|f] cj:yf xf] . To;}n] ;/sf/af6 cGt/fli6«o d~rdf u/]sf k|ltj4tfx? d'tfljs cfˆgf] sfo{z}nL / /0flgltsf] ;dofGs'n ;'wf/ / ljsf; ub}{ tTsfn k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ kg]{ ;do cfO{ ;s]+sf] 5 . h:tf] dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;j} k|sf/sf] e]befjsf] pGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGw (1981) / cGt/fli6«o dlxnf j]Olhª ;d]ng (1995) åf/f kfl/t 3f]if0ffkqsf] sfof{Gjog, To; lbzftkm{ lbzfGd'vsf nflu lgb]{z dfu{ x'g ;S5 . /fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu pTs[t / e]befj /lxt ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf clg b]zdf /x]sf] uDeL/ ;d:ofsf] lgsf; / ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf /fHo ;dfh / ;d'bfo clg ;/sf/L / u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf o; n}lËs ;dfgtfsf nflu clejfxs x'g . ;j}af6 ;sf/fTds Jojxf/sf] ck]Iff /fVb} nlIft ju{sf] ljsf;sf lglDt ;zlQms/0f, hg ;r]tgf clea[l4 ub}{ ;dfg cj;/ / clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . ;d|x g]kfn / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] lglDt jf:tjdf n}lËs ;dfgtf ckl/xfo{ tTj x'g cfpF5 . cfzf u/f}+ o; lbzftkm{ xfdL cu|ufdL sbd ;j}n] rfNg ;sf}+ . wGojfb Û ( hope that you friends will response in my artical at sht_sundarism@yahoo.com. to read this artical you have to change into himchuli font.) |